What is placenta? Mention its role during pregnancy?
Placenta is a reddish- brown disc and less than 1kg in weight. Foetal surface is smooth and has the umbilical cord
attached to the centre of placenta to the foetus. It contains a large number of branching villi from the vascular chorion on the embryo’s side of the tissues, formed in the uterine wall. These villi contain blood cells and bear microvilli which increase the surface area for the exchange of materials by diffusion, active transport and pinocytosis.
Placenta plays an important role in bringing the foetal and the maternal blood close enough to permit the exchange of materials between the two of them. Glucose, amino acids, proteins, lipids, water, mineral salts, vitamins, hormones, antibodies and oxygen are passed from mother to the embryo. Placenta serves as the nutritive, respiratory and excretory organ of the foetus or the embryo.
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