SELECT * FROM question_mgmt as q WHERE id=5211 AND status=1 SELECT id,question_no,question,chapter FROM question_mgmt as q WHERE courseId=3 AND subId=20 AND chapterId=596 and ex_no='3' AND status=1 ORDER BY CAST(question_no AS UNSIGNED)
In an organisation all the employees take things easy and are free to approach anyone for minor queries and problems. This has resulted in everyone taking to each other and thus resulting in inefficiency in the office. It has also resulted in loss of secrecy and confidential information being leaked out. What system do you think the manager should adopt to improve communication?
In the above case an informal system of communication is being used in the organisation. And to overcome the problems that occur due to informal communication systems of communication the manager should adopt a formal system of communication.
Formal communication refers to the communication taking place through official channels in an organisation. Such type of communication takes place between managers and workers, or managers working at the same cadre, or employees working at the same cadre. Though such communication may be oral or written, but it is recorded and filed in the office.
There are two types of formal communication that are:
1. Vertical communication: Communication taking place between two levels in the organisation is called vertical communication.
2. Horizontal or Lateral communication: Communication that takes place between individuals working at the same level, is called horizontal communication. E.g. a production manager may contact the marketing manager to discuss the production schedule.
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