Question:
What are the factors that influence a company’s capital structure? Discuss in detail.
Answer:
Several factors influence a company’s decision on capital structure:
- Cost of debt vs. cost of equity: Debt is usually cheaper because of tax benefits, but it increases financial risk. Equity is costlier but involves less risk.
- Company’s cash flow: A company with strong cash flow can afford to take on more debt.
- Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR): A high DSCR indicates that the company can comfortably meet its debt obligations, encouraging the use of debt.
- Market conditions: Favorable stock market conditions may prompt a company to issue more equity, while poor conditions may lead to more debt financing.
- Interest coverage ratio: This measures the company's ability to pay interest on its debt. A higher ratio reduces the risk of using debt.
- Floatation costs: The costs of issuing new securities, especially equity, can discourage the company from raising funds through equity.
- Control considerations: Issuing more equity can dilute the control of existing shareholders, while debt financing allows the current owners to retain control.
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