(i) (b) Cement
(ii) (b) SAIL
(iii) (a) Aluminium Smelting
(iv) (b) Electronic
(i) Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to move valuable products is called manufacturing.
(ii) The three factors are
(1) Availability of raw materials.
(2) Power resources
(3) Favourable climate.
(iii) Human inputs that control location of industries is:
(1) Labour
(2) Market and
(3) Transport facilities.
(iv) basic industries are those which supply their raw materials to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.
(v) limestone , silica , alumina and gypsum are the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
(i) integrated steel plans are different from mini steel plants in many aspects. An integrated steel plants is large and handles everything in one complex from integrating raw materials to steel making, rolling and shaping. On the other hand a mini steel plant is smaller has electric furnaces uses steel scrap and sponge iron and has re rollers that use steel ingots as well.
The problems faced by this industry are:
(a) High production costs and limited availability of cooking coal;
(b) Lower productivity of labour;
(c) Irregular supply of energy;and
(d) Poor infrastructure
Recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity of this industry are liberalization and foreign direct investment, with help from private entrepreneurs.
(ii)Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. industries create four types of pollution mainly air , water , land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water immensely. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and supply oxide. Sources of water pollution are numerous. Most important are the industrial effluent that the discharge into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and the different means of transport. Noise causes impairment to hearing.
(iii) Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it is done in two or more successive stages.
(a) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements .
(b) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases:This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(a)Primary treatment by mechanical means.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process.
(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes.
This involves recycling of waste water.