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Question: Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)

Answer:

The various components of human evolution are as follows.

(i) Brain capacity

(ii) Posture

   iii.            Food / dietary preference and other important features

 

Name

Brain capacity

Posture

Food

Features

1.

Dryopithecus africans

---

Knuckle walker,

walked similar to gorillas and chimpanzees (was more ape-like)

Soft fruit and leaves

Canines large, arms and legs are of equal size

2.

Ramapithecus

---

Semi-erect (more man-like)

Seeds, nuts

Canines were small while molars were large.

3.

Australopithecus africanus

450 cm3

Full erect posture, height (1.05 m)

Herbivorous (ate fruits)

Hunted with stone weapons, lived at trees, canines and incisors were small

4.

Homo habilis

735cm3

Fully erect posture, height (1.5 m)

Carnivorous

Canines were small. They were first tool makers.

5.

Homo erectus

800-1100 cm3

Fully erect posture, height(1.5-1.8 m )

Omnivorous

They used stone and bone tools for hunting games.

6.

Homo neanderthalnsis

1300-1600 cm3

Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.66 m)

Omnivorous

Cave dwellers, used hides to protect their bodies, and buried their dead

7.

Homo sapiens fossilis

1650 cm3

Fully erect posture with height (1.8 m)

Omnivorous

They had strong jaw with teeth close together. They were cave dwellers, made paintings and carvings in the caves. They developed a culture and were called first modern men.

8.

Homo sapiens sapiens

1200-1600 cm3

Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.8 m )

Omnivorous

They are the living modern men, with high intelligence. They developed art, culture, language, speech, etc. They cultivated crops and domesticated animals.

 


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