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Class 11
Chemistry
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
although both co2 and h2o are triatomic molecules...

Question:
Although both CO₂ and H₂O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H₂O molecule is bent while that of CO₂ is linear. Explain this on the basis of dipole moment.

Answer:

Dipole moment is the product of the magnitude of the positive or negative charge (q) and the distance (d) between the charges, i.e.

μ = q x d.

The SI unit is coulomb metre. The molecule with symmetrical and linear geometries have zero dipole moment because they are vector in nature and the dipole of different bonds cancel with one another. CO₂ is symmetrical and has dipole moment 0. Therefore it will have a linear shape with bond angle 180°.

Resultant μ = 0 D

H₂O is a unsymmetrical molecule and bent geometries, the geometries have specific dipole moment (1.84D) because the bond polarities do not cancel each other. Therefore H₂O will have a bent structure with bond angle 104°.

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Question:
Although both CO₂ and H₂O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H₂O molecule is bent while that of CO₂ is linear. Explain this on the basis of dipole moment.

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Question: Although both CO2 and H2O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H2O molecule is bent while that of CO2 is linear. Explain this on the basis of dipole moment.

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Question:
Although both CO₂ and H₂O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H₂O molecule is bent while that of CO₂ is linear. Explain this on the basis of dipole moment.