SELECT * FROM question_mgmt as q WHERE id=1345 AND status=1 SELECT id,question_no,question,chapter FROM question_mgmt as q WHERE courseId=2 AND subId=9 AND chapterId=45 and ex_no='1' AND status=1 ORDER BY CAST(question_no AS UNSIGNED) CBSE Free NCERT Solution of 11th chemistry Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in

Question:

Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in the following molecules?

(a)CH3–CH3;

(b) CH3–CH=CH2;

(c) CH3-CH2-OH;

(d) CH3-CHO

(e) CH3COOH

Answer:

Hybrid orbital are formed by the overlapping of orbitals having almost same energy.

Single bond= one sigma bond = sp3 hybridization

Double bond = one sigma bond + one pie bond = sp2 hybridization

Triple bond = one sigma bond + two pie bond = sp hybridization

(a)

 According to structure, C1 & C2 are making 4 sigma bonds(single bond) each with the help of one s hybrid orbital & 3 p hybrid orbital, hence C1& C2 are sp3 hybridised

(b)

 

Here C1 is making 4 sigma bond therefore it s sp3 hybridised  , while C2 and C3  are making a double bond( 1 sigma + 1 pie bond ) therefore they both are sp2 hybridized.

(c)

Both the carbons C1 & C2 are making single bond(sigma bond),therefore they are sp3hybridized.

(d)

From the structure it is clear that C1 is making sigma bonds only, therefore it is sp3 hybridised.C2 is making a double bond therefore it is sp2 hybridised.

C1 is sp3 hybridized and C2 is sp2 hybridized.

(e)

Here C1 is making a sigma bond therefore it is in sp3 hybridization state, while C2 is making a double bond ,it  is in sp2 hybridised state.


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