Question:
Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?
(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Answer:

1. The elements which are affecting the climate are: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.

2. India comes in the inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) also with several other factors like the EI nino, jet stream and coriolois force are the main reasons for monsoon type of climate in India.

3. Northwestern part of india experiences the highest diurnal temperature range. This happens because of the presence of thar desert and also because this region doesn't contain the moderating influence of the ocean.

4. Malabar coast gets rains from depressions and cyclones.

5. Jet streams are high velocity westerly winds that are blowing through a narrow zone in the upper troposphere layer. The westerly flows are responsible for the western disturbances that is experienced in the north western parts of the country. The easterly jet streams cause the tropical depressions during the monsoon as well as October-november months.

6. Monsoon refers to the seasonal wind direction reversal. Monsoon break refers to the happening of wet and dry spells during the rainy season. The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a particular time.

7. Although there are wide variations in weather patterns across India, the monsoon bring some unifying influence on India. The Indian landscape, its flora and fauna etc. are highly influenced by the monsoon. Most of the festivals in India are related to agricultural cycle.

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