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Class 11
Chemistry
Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques
explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors wh...

Question:
Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system.

Answer:

When an alkyl group is attached to a π system, it acts as an electron-donor group by the process of hyperconjugation. To understand this concept better, let us take the example of propene.

In hyperconjugation, the sigma electrons of the C-H bond of an alkyl group are delocalised. This group is directly attached to an atom of an unsaturated system. The delocalisation occurs because of a partial overlap of a sp³-ssigma bond orbital with an empty p orbital of the π bond of an adjacent carbon atom.

The process of hyperconjugation in propene is shown as follows:

This type of overlap leads to a delocalisation (also known as no-bond resonance) of the π electrons, making the molecule more stable.

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Question:
Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system.

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Question:
Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system.