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Question:

Elements of group 14

(a) exhibit oxidation state of +4 only

(b) exhibit oxidation state of +2 and +4

(c) form M2-and M4+ion

(d) form M2+and M4+ions

Answer:

(b)The elements of group 14 have 4 valence electrons. Therefore, the oxidation state of group is +4. However, as a result of the inert pair effect, the lower oxidation state becomes more stable and the higher oxidation state becomes less stable. Therefore, this group exhibits +4 and +2 oxidation states.

Group 14 element Oxidation state
C +4
Si +4
Ge, Sn , Pb +2 , +4

 


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