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Question:

Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:

(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes.

(ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3with platinum electrodes.

(iii) A dilute solution of H2SO4with platinum electrodes.

(iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes.

Answer:

(i) At cathode: The following reduction reactions compete to take place at the cathode.

The reaction with a higher value of  Eº takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of silver will take place at the cathode.

At anode:

The Ag anode is attacked by NO3- ions. Therefore, the silver electrode at the anode dissolves in the solution to form Ag+.

 

(ii) At cathode:

The following reduction reactions compete to take place at the cathode.

The reaction with a higher value of Eº takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of silver will take place at the cathode.

At anode:

Since Pt electrodes are inert, the anode is not attacked by NO3- ions. Therefore, OH - or NO3- ions can be oxidized at the anode. But OH - ions having a lower discharge potential and get preference and decompose to liberate O2.

OH-  → OH + e-

4OH- → 2H2O +O2

 

(iii) At the cathode, the following reduction reaction occurs to produce H2 gas.

H+ (aq) + e-  → ½ H2(g)

At the anode, the following processes are possible.

For dilute sulphuric acid, reaction (i) is preferred to produce O2 gas. But for concentrated sulphuric acid, reaction (ii) occurs.

 

(iv) At cathode:

The following reduction reactions compete to take place at the cathode.

The reaction with a higher value of Eº takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of copper will take place at the cathode.

At anode:

The following oxidation reactions are possible at the anode.

At the anode, the reaction with a lower value of Eº is preferred. But due to the over-potential of oxygen, Cl - gets oxidized at the anode to produce Cl2 gas.


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