(a) Amphioxus is an example of a chordate that has flame cells as excretory structures. Flame cell is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system.
(b) The cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney are the columns of Bertini. They represent the cortical tissues present within the medulla.
(c) A loop of capillary that runs parallel to Henle’s loop is known as vasa rectae. Vasa rectae, along with Henle’s loop, helps in maintaining a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.
NCERT questions are designed to test your understanding of the concepts and theories discussed in the chapter. Here are some tips to help you answer NCERT questions effectively:
(a) Amphioxus is an example of a chordate that has flame cells as excretory structures. Flame cell is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system.
(b) The cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids...
Step-by-step explanation:
• (a) Amphioxus is an example of a chordate that has flame cells as excretory structures
• Flame cell is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system
•
•
• (b) The cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney are the columns of Bertini
This question is important because it tests key concepts from the NCERT syllabus and is frequently asked in CBSE exams.
This question is based on core NCERT concepts explained in the chapter and should be revised thoroughly before exams.
Students often lose marks by skipping steps, writing incomplete explanations, or misunderstanding keywords used in the question.
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