Gene expression can be controlled with t | Class 12 Biology Chapter Biotechnology and its Application, Biotechnology and its Application NCERT Solutions

RNA interference (RNAi) is the method or powerful reverse tool which helps to control the activity of specific gene expressions by using RNA or to study the gene functions in which the gene is “knocked out” and the cellular mechanism is degraded. It involves dsRNA (double stranded RNA) for silencing the expression of target gene. The dsRNA enters cellular pathway to get processed into small interfering RNA (siRNA) then the specific mRNA gene is silenced by binding complementary dsRNA where they cleave and destroyed the target mRNA. This is how, the whole process causes the silencing of mRNA (prevents translation). For example: Agrobacterium vector forms complementary dsRNA with the Nematode specific genes and this dsRNA initiates RNA interference and then finally silenced the specific mRNA. As a result, they have become nematode resistant and prevent by the parasitic attack or we can say that gene expression does not occur.