Define Antigen and Antibody. Name any tw | Class 12 Biology Chapter Biotechnology and its Application, Biotechnology and its Application NCERT Solutions

Adaptive immune response which arises as a result of exposure to foreign compounds and the compound which evokes the response is known as antigen; these compounds have the ability to cause antibody response generation.

 Antibodies are the antigen- binding glycoproteins which are synthesized by B- cells in the various forms, each having a different amino acid sequence and a different antigen binding site, is called as Immunoglobulins (Ig).

Two diagnostic test that based upon antigen- antibody relationship are:

1. ELISA for AIDS (the blood sample is taken to the cassette which contains viral proteins, called antigens; if the blood contains antibodies to HIV and then when it will bind to the antigen, the cassette’s content will change its colour).
2. Pregnancy test (monoclonal antibodies are present at the end of the pregnancy test kit onto which the woman urinate). If the lady is pregnant then HCG will be present in the urine which will cause change in colour or pattern which indicate pregnancy).