Distinguish between: (a) afferent neuron | Class 11 Biology Chapter Neural Control and Coordination, Neural Control and Coordination NCERT Solutions

Afferent neurons

Efferent neurons

Afferent neuron conducts nerve impulses toward the brain or the spinal cord.

Efferent neuron conducts nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effector organs such as muscles or glands.

Impulse conduction in a myelinated nerve fibre

Impulse conduction in an unmyelinated nerve fibre

1.

In a myelinated nerve fibre, the action potential is conducted from one node to another.

1.

In an unmyelinated nerve fibre, the action potential is not conducted from node to node. It is carried along the whole length of the nerve fibre.

2.

The conduction of impulses is faster.

2.

The conduction of impulses is slower.

Aqueous humour

Vitreous humour

It is a thin, watery fluid present between the cornea and the lens.

It is a transparent gel present between the lens and the retina.

Blind spot

Yellow spot

1.

Blind spot is a spot on the retina present at the point of origin of the optic nerve.

1.

Yellow spot is a small area on the retina present at the posterior pole of the eye, lateral to the blind spot.

2.

Photoreceptor cells are absent from this region.

2.

Only cones are present in this region.

3.

They are insensitive to light as both rods and cones are absent.

3.

They are sensitive to bright light as cones are present.

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

1.

Cranial nerves arise from the brain.

1.

Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord.

2.

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

2.

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.