Why do gases always tend to be less solu | Class 12 Chemistry Chapter Solutions, Solutions NCERT Solutions

How the following conversions can be carried out?

(i) Propene to propan-1-ol

(ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne

(iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane

(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol

(v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene

(vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid

(vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile

(viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene

(ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane

(x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane

(xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid

(xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide

(xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol

(xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform

(xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol

(xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane

(xvii) Chloroethane to butane

(xviii) Benzene to diphenyl

(xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide

(xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

(i) Propanal and Propanone

(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone

(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid

(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

(vii) Ethanal and Propanal

A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% w/w, what would be the molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of solution is 1.2 g mL^-1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?

Henry's law constant for CO₂ in water is 1.67 x 10⁸Pa at 298 K. Calculate the quantity of CO₂in 500 mL of soda water when packed under 2.5 atm CO₂ pressure at 298 K.

Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol^-1) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.

Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride.

How many mL of 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ containing equimolar amounts of both?

If NaCl is doped with 10^-3mol % of SrCl₂, what is the concentration of cation vacancies?

Write the equations involved in the following reactions:

(i) Reimer-Tiemann reaction

(ii) Kolbe's reaction

Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.

(i) CH₃CO(CH₂)₄CH₃           (ii) CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₂CH(CH₃)CHO

(iii) CH₃(CH₂)₅CHO             (iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO

(v)                (vi) PhCOPh

Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?

The melting points and solubility in water of amino acids are generally higher than that of the corresponding halo acids. Explain.

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

(i) CH₃CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH₃

(ii) CHF₂CBrClF

(iii) ClCH₂C≡CCH₂Br

(iv) (CCl₃)₃CCl

(v) CH₃C(p-ClC₆H₄)₂CH(Br)CH₃

(vi) (CH₃)₃CCH=CClC₆H₄I-p

Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:

The following results have been obtained during the kinetic studies of the reaction: 2A + B → C + D

Determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction.

Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol?

Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in S_N2 reaction with OH^-?

(i) CH₃Br or CH₃I

(ii) (CH₃)₃CCl or CH₃Cl

Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods:

(i) Zone refining

(ii) Electrolytic refining

(iii) Vapour phase refining