Explain the terms polymer and monomer. | Class 12 Chemistry Chapter Polymers, Polymers NCERT Solutions

How the following conversions can be carried out?

(i) Propene to propan-1-ol

(ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne

(iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane

(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol

(v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene

(vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid

(vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile

(viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene

(ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane

(x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane

(xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid

(xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide

(xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol

(xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform

(xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol

(xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane

(xvii) Chloroethane to butane

(xviii) Benzene to diphenyl

(xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide

(xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

(i) Propanal and Propanone

(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone

(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid

(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

(vii) Ethanal and Propanal

A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% w/w, what would be the molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of solution is 1.2 g mL^-1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?

Henry's law constant for CO₂ in water is 1.67 x 10⁸Pa at 298 K. Calculate the quantity of CO₂in 500 mL of soda water when packed under 2.5 atm CO₂ pressure at 298 K.

Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol^-1) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.

Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride.

How many mL of 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ containing equimolar amounts of both?

If NaCl is doped with 10^-3mol % of SrCl₂, what is the concentration of cation vacancies?

You are given benzene, conc. H₂SO₄ and NaOH. Write the equations for the preparation of phenol using these reagents.

When 3-methylbutan-2-ol is treated with HBr, the following reaction takes place:

Give a mechanism for this reaction.

(Hint : The secondary carbocation formed in step II rearranges to a more stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom.

The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation

k = (4.5 x 10¹¹ s^-1) e^{-28000 K/T}

Calculate E_a.

Predict the major product of acid catalysed dehydration of

(i) 1-Methylcyclohexanol and

(ii) Butan-1-ol

In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place:

Zn(s) + Ag₂O(s) + H₂O(l)  → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2OH ^- (aq)

Determine and for the reaction.

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

(i) Propanal and Propanone

(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone

(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid

(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

(vii) Ethanal and Propanal

Give IUPAC names of the following ethers:

Comment on the nature of two S-O bonds formed in SO₂ molecule. Are the two S-O bonds in this molecule equal?

Nitrogen exists as diatomic molecule and phosphorus as P₄. Why?

Comment on the statement that elements of the first transition series possess many properties different from those of heavier transition elements.