What is the role of graphite rod in the | Class 12 Chemistry Chapter General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements NCERT Solutions

How the following conversions can be carried out?

(i) Propene to propan-1-ol

(ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne

(iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane

(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol

(v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene

(vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid

(vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile

(viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene

(ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane

(x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane

(xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid

(xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide

(xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol

(xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform

(xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol

(xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane

(xvii) Chloroethane to butane

(xviii) Benzene to diphenyl

(xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide

(xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

(i) Propanal and Propanone

(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone

(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid

(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

(vii) Ethanal and Propanal

A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% w/w, what would be the molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of solution is 1.2 g mL^-1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?

Henry's law constant for CO₂ in water is 1.67 x 10⁸Pa at 298 K. Calculate the quantity of CO₂in 500 mL of soda water when packed under 2.5 atm CO₂ pressure at 298 K.

Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol^-1) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.

Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride.

How many mL of 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ containing equimolar amounts of both?

If NaCl is doped with 10^-3mol % of SrCl₂, what is the concentration of cation vacancies?

Suggest a list of metals that are extracted electrolytically.

Explain how much portion of an atom located at

(i) corner and

(ii) body-centre

of a cubic unit cell is part of its neighbouring unit cell.

Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionicequations for its reaction with:

(i) iodide

(ii) iron

(II) solution and

(iii) H₂S

The rate constant for the decomposition of N₂O₅ at various temperatures is given below:

Draw a graph between ln k and 1/T and calculate the values of A and E_a.

Predict the rate constant at 30 º and 50 ºC.

Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO₄, AgNO₃ and CuSO₄, respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed through them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?

For a reaction, A + B → Product; the rate law is given by,  r  = k [A]^½ [B]². What is the order of the reaction?

Which of the ores mentioned in Table 6.1 can be concentrated by magnetic separation method?

For M²⁺/M and M³⁺/M²⁺ systems, the E^⊖  values for some metals are as follows:

Cr²⁺/Cr -0.9V

Cr³/Cr²⁺ -0.4 V

Mn²⁺/Mn -1.2V

Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ +1.5 V

Fe²⁺/Fe -0.4V

Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ +0.8 V

Use this data to comment upon:

(i) The stability of Fe³⁺in acid solution as compared to that of Cr³⁺or Mn³⁺ and

(ii) The ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal.

Why is the highest oxidation state of a metal exhibited in its oxide or fluoride only?

Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates.